Ruling 1551 — Fasting (Ṣawm)

Eight things invalidate a fast: 1. eating and drinking; 2. sexual intercourse; 3. masturbation, meaning that a man – either with himself or by means of something – does something other than having sexual intercourse that results in ejaculation. How this applies to a woman was explained in Ruling 345; 4. based on obligatory precaution, ascribing false things to Allah the Exalted, the Most Noble Messenger (Ṣ), and the successors of the Most Noble Messenger (Ṣ) [i.e. the Infallible Imams (ʿA)]; 5. causing thick dust to reach the throat, based on obligatory precaution; 6. remaining in a state of ritual impurity (janābah), menstruation (ḥayḍ), or lochia (nifās) until the time of ṣubḥ prayers; 7. applying liquid enema; 8. vomiting intentionally. The laws (aḥkām) relating to these will be explained in the following rulings (masāʾil).